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Which of the following is not a risk factor for placenta previa?

  1. Advanced maternal age

  2. Previous cesarean

  3. Twin pregnancies

  4. Multiparity

The correct answer is: Twin pregnancies

The presence of twin pregnancies does not specifically increase the risk for placenta previa compared to other factors. While multiple gestations, such as twins, can lead to a higher incidence of other complications during pregnancy, the association with placenta previa is less direct. Placenta previa is primarily associated with factors like advanced maternal age, previous cesarean deliveries, and multiparity. In contrast, advanced maternal age is linked to an increased risk because older women have a higher likelihood of uterine abnormalities or changes in the placenta's positioning. Previous cesarean sections also contribute to placenta previa due to the possibility of scarring in the uterus affecting placental implantation. Multiparity, or having had multiple pregnancies, is associated with an increased risk as it can lead to changes in the uterine lining that impact where the placenta implants. Thus, when considering these factors, twin pregnancies are less commonly recognized as a direct risk factor for placenta previa.